Programming for Problem Solving using C language

In C programming, what is the purpose of using 'short' with the 'int' data type?

Consider the following code snippet:

#include <stdio.h>
void main() {
    float value;
    printf("Enter a value between 1 and 2: ");
    scanf("%f", &value);
    switch (value) {
        case 1:
            printf("One");
            break;
        case 2:
            printf("Two");
            break;
    }
}

Consider the following code snippet:

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    if (printf("Hello") && printf(" World"))
        printf(" - Printed");
    else
        printf(" - Not Printed");
    return 0;
}

What is output of the given C code?

Consider the following code snippet:

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int i = 1, j = 1;
    while (i++ <= 3)
        printf("%d ", i);
    do
        printf("%d ", j);
    while (++j <= 3);
    return 0;
}

What is the output of the code?

Which of the following is responsible for converting the source code into object code?